The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of your eye, playing a vital role in focusing light. When the cornea becomes damaged or diseased — due to infections, injuries, or conditions like keratoconus or Fuchs’ dystrophy — it can lead to blurred or severely impaired vision. A corneal transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces the damaged cornea with healthy donor tissue.
Modern techniques have made this surgery safer and more effective than ever. Depending on the condition, only part of the cornea may be replaced (lamellar keratoplasty) or the entire cornea (penetrating keratoplasty). Most patients experience significant improvement in vision over weeks to months.
Lamellar keratoplasty is a partial-thickness corneal transplant that offers faster healing and lower rejection risk compared to full-thickness procedures. There are two main types:
- DALK (Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty): Used when the front layers of the cornea are affected, often for keratoconus.
- DSAEK/DMEK (Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty / Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty): Used for conditions affecting the innermost layer, like Fuchs’ dystrophy. These endothelial keratoplasties provide quicker recovery and excellent visual outcomes.
Recovery involves regular follow-up visits, medicated eye drops, and avoiding strenuous activities. The success rate is high, especially with early intervention and post-op care.
If you’re experiencing persistent blurry vision or discomfort, consult an ophthalmologist. Early diagnosis can open the door to sight-saving options like corneal transplantation.